Need to develop other forms in Antepartum Record (Form A/B, D, E, G)
Folders to bind all related ACOG forms.
IHE Content Modules
Namespaces and Vocabulary
IHE PCC Template Identifiers
Editors Note: Please add the following templates to the PCC TF-2 Template Identifiers
Root
Description
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
Antepartum Summary Form C & F
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.1
Estimated Delivery Date Section
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2
ACOG Visit Summary Flowsheet Section
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.1
Estimated Delivery Date Observation
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.1
ACOG Visit Summary Battery
CDA Document Content Modules
Development Only
The PCC Wiki Content is used only for development of IHE PCC Content. The Normative content of the PCC Technical Framework and the current supplements can be found at http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/index.cfm#PCC
The Antepartum Summary represents a summary of the most critical information to an antepartum care provider regarding the status of a patients pregnancy.
The APS document is a medical summary and inherits all header constraints from Medical Summaries.
The use case for this document is described fully in the APS Profile in PCC TF-1.
This section maps the ACOG Antepartum Record to corresponding CDA sections as constrained by IHE.
ACOG Antepartum Record Datum
CDA Section
Trial
Drug Allergy/Latex Allergy
Allergies
Is Blood Transfusion Acceptable
Advance Directives
Antepartum Anesthesia Consult Planned
Plan of Care
Problems/Plans
Problems
Related plans should be listed in Plan of Care
Medication List
Active Medications
EDD Confirmation/18-20 Week EDD Update
Estimated Delivery Dates
Prepregnancy Weight
Visit Summary Flowsheet
Visit Flowsheet
Visit Summary Flowsheet
Specification
Data Element Name
Opt
Template ID
Allergies This section is the same as for Medical Summary, however it SHALL include one observation of Latex Allergy which may be negated through the negationInd attribute. Latex Allergy is particularly relevant for Obstetrics because of the frequency of vaginal exams that might involve the use of latex gloves. The observation value code for Latex Allergy is '300916003'. The codeSystem is '2.16.840.1.113883.6.96'. The codeSystemName is 'SNOMED CT'
R
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.13
Advance Directives APS includes an explicit check of patients preference for blood transfusion because the risk of massive hemorrhage during delivery is much higher. This observation SHALL be recorded in the Advance Directives section. APS Form C documents SHALL include a simple observation of "blood transfusion acceptable?" The observation value for this observation is '(xx-bld-transf-ok)'. The codeSystem is '2.16.840.1.113883.6.1'. The codeSystemName is 'LOINC'
R
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.34
Plan of Care APS forms SHOULD include an observation stating if an anesthesia consult is planned. When present, the observation value for this observation is '(xx-anest-cons-pland)'. The codeSystem is '2.16.840.1.113883.6.1'. The codeSystemName is 'LOINC'. If the type of anesthesia planned is known, systems SHOULD include an observation to represent that data using the LOINC code '(xx-type-of-anesth-pland)' with a CD value including one of the following values: ( General | Epidural | Spinal ) or a Null flavor to represent unknown or not listed.
R
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.31
Medications Medications should include start and stop date if known.
R
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.19
Problems Related Plans should be included in the Plan of Care section.
The Antepartum summary is typically used as a 'living document' where the latest information is added to the end of the flowsheet at each visit. This is different than a typical Medical Summary which typically would not share information until document is complete. Although this pattern of updates is not prohibited by Medical Summary, it is also not typical. For APS documents may be published at the end of each visit, but subsequent updates with a pregnancy SHALL be represented as document replacement by including a <relatedDocument typeCode='REPL'> element as below.
CDA Release 2.0 documents that conform to the requirements of this content module shall indicate their conformance by the inclusion of the appropriate <templateId> elements in the header of the document. This is shown in the sample document below. A CDA Document may conform to more than one template. This content module inherits from the Medical Summary content module, and so must conform to the requirements of that template as well, thus all <templateId> elements shown in the example below shall be included.
<pattern name='Template_1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2'>
<rule context='*[cda:templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2"]'>
<!-- Verify that the template id is used on the appropriate type of object -->
<assert test='../cda:ClinicalDocument'>
Error: The Antepartum Summary can only be used on Clinical Documents.
</assert>
<!-- Verify that the parent templateId is also present. -->
<assert test='cda:templateId[@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.2"]'>
Error: The parent template identifier for Antepartum Summary is not present.
</assert>
<!-- Verify the document type code -->
<assert test='cda:code[@code = "XX-APS"]'>
Error: The document type code of a Antepartum Summary must be XX-APS
</assert>
<assert test='cda:code[@codeSystem = "2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"]'>
Error: The document type code must come from the LOINC code
system (2.16.840.1.113883.6.1).
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.13"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Antepartum Summary Document must contain a(n) Allergies Section.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.34"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Antepartum Summary Document must contain a(n) Advance Directives Section.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.31"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Antepartum Summary Document must contain a(n) Plan of Care Section.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.19"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Antepartum Summary Document must contain a(n) Medications Section.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.6"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Antepartum Summary Document must contain a(n) Problems Section.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.1"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Antepartum Summary Document must contain a(n) Estimated Delivery Dates Section.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Antepartum Summary Document must contain a(n) Antepartum Visit Summary Flowsheet Section.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2
</assert>
<assert test="cda:entry/cda:observation/cda:value[@code='300916003']">
Antepartum Summary Requires an observation of Latex Allergy to be
asserted. This may be negated via the negationInd attribute.
</assert>
<assert test="cda:entry/cda:observation/cda:value[@code='(xx-bld-transf-ok)']">
Antepartum Summary Requires an observation of blood transfusion
acceptability to be asserted. This may be negated via the negationInd attribute.
</assert>
<assert test="cda:entry/cda:observation/cda:value[@code='(xx-anest-cons-pland)']">
Antepartum Summary Requires an observation of anesthesia consult
planned to be asserted. This may be negated via the negationInd attribute.
</assert>
</rule>
</pattern>
CDA Header Content Modules
CDA Section Content Modules
Development Only
The PCC Wiki Content is used only for development of IHE PCC Content. The Normative content of the PCC Technical Framework and the current supplements can be found at https://www.ihe.net/resources/technical_frameworks/#pcc
Estimated Delivery Dates Section
Template ID
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.1
General Description
This section houses the physicians best estimate of the patients due date. This is generally done both on an initial evaluation, and later confirmed at 18-20 weeks. The date is supported by evidence such as the patients history of last menstral period, a physical examination, or ultrasound measurements. If an gestational age based on ultrasound is present, it is generally considered the most accurate measurement and so that date would be chosen.
LOINC Code
Opt
Description
(xx-edd-section)
R
ESTIMATED DELIVERY DATE-^PATIENT-FIND-PT-NAR-
Entries
Opt
Description
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.1
R
Estimated Due Date Observation This is a simple observation to represent the estimated due date with a supporting observation or observations that state the method used and date implied by that method. If one observation is present, then it is to be interpreted as the initial EDD. If the initial observation dates indicate the EDD is within the 18 to 20 weeks completed gestation, that observation will also populate the 18-20 week update. If the initial observation indicates an EDD of more than 20 weeks EGA, then no value will be placed in the 18-20 week update field.
Sample Estimated Delivery Dates Section
<component>
<section>
<templateId root='1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.1'/>
<id root=' ' extension=' '/>
<code code='(xx-edd-section)' displayName='ESTIMATED DELIVERY DATE-^PATIENT-FIND-PT-NAR-'
codeSystem='2.16.840.1.113883.6.1' codeSystemName='LOINC'/>
<text>
Text as described above
</text>
<entry>
:
<!-- Required Estimated Due Date Observation element -->
<templateId root='1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.1'/>
:
</entry>
</section>
</component>
Schematron
<pattern name='Template_1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.1'>
<rule context='*[cda:templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.1"]'>
<!-- Verify that the template id is used on the appropriate type of object -->
<assert test='../cda:section'>
Error: The Estimated Delivery Dates can only be used on sections.
</assert>
<!-- Verify the section type code -->
<assert test='cda:code[@code = "(xx-edd-section)"]'>
Error: The section type code of a Estimated Delivery Dates must be (xx-edd-section)
</assert>
<assert test='cda:code[@codeSystem = "2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"]'>
Error: The section type code must come from the LOINC code
system (2.16.840.1.113883.6.1).
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.1"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Estimated Delivery Dates Section must contain a(n) Estimated Due Date Observation Entry.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.1
</assert>
</rule>
</pattern>
The PCC Wiki Content is used only for development of IHE PCC Content. The Normative content of the PCC Technical Framework and the current supplements can be found at https://www.ihe.net/resources/technical_frameworks/#pcc
Visit Summary Section
Template ID
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2
General Description
This section is a running history of the most important elements noted for a pregnant woman.
LOINC Code
Opt
Description
(xx-acog-visit-sum-section)
R
PREGNANCY VISIT SUMMARY-^PATIENT-FIND-PT-NAR
Entries
Opt
Description
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.4.13
R
Simple Observation The flowsheet contains one simple observation to represent the Prepregancy Weight. This observation SHALL be valued with the LOINC code 8348-5, BODY WEIGHT^PRE PREGNANCY-MASS-PT-QN-MEASURED. The value SHALL be of type PQ. The units may be either "lb_av" or "kg".
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.2
R
Antepartum Flowsheet Panel Other entries on the flowsheet are "batteries" which represent a single visit.
Sample Visit Summary Section
<component>
<section>
<templateId root='1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2'/>
<id root=' ' extension=' '/>
<code code='(xx-acog-visit-sum-section)' displayName='PREGNANCY VISIT SUMMARY-^PATIENT-FIND-PT-NAR'
codeSystem='2.16.840.1.113883.6.1' codeSystemName='LOINC'/>
<text>
Text as described above
</text>
<entry>
:
<!-- Required Simple Observation element -->
<templateId root='1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.4.13'/>
:
</entry>
<entry>
:
<!-- Required Antepartum Flowsheet Panel element -->
<templateId root='1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.2'/>
:
</entry>
</section>
</component>
Schematron
<pattern name='Template_1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2'>
<rule context='*[cda:templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2"]'>
<!-- Verify that the template id is used on the appropriate type of object -->
<assert test='../cda:section'>
Error: The Visit Summary can only be used on sections.
</assert>
<!-- Verify the section type code -->
<assert test='cda:code[@code = "(xx-acog-visit-sum-section)"]'>
Error: The section type code of a Visit Summary must be (xx-acog-visit-sum-section)
</assert>
<assert test='cda:code[@codeSystem = "2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"]'>
Error: The section type code must come from the LOINC code
system (2.16.840.1.113883.6.1).
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.4.13"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Visit Summary Section must contain a(n) Simple Observation Entry.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.2"]'>
<!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
Error: The Visit Summary Section must contain a(n) Antepartum Flowsheet Panel Entry.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:observation/cda:code[@code="8348-5"]'>
Error: The Visit Summary must have at least one simple observation with the LOINC
code 8348-5 to represent the prepregnancy weight.
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2
</assert>
<assert test='.//cda:observation[cda:code/@code='8348-5']/cda:value[@unit='kg' or @unit='lb_av']">
Error: The prepregnancy weight shall record the units in kg or lbs
See http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php?title=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.2.2
</assert>
</rule>
</pattern>
The PCC Wiki Content is used only for development of IHE PCC Content. The Normative content of the PCC Technical Framework and the current supplements can be found at http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/index.cfm#PCC
The EDD observation reflects the clinicians best judgement about the estimated delivery date of the patient. It can be supported by patient history (eg last menses or quickening), physical examination findings (uterine size), or Ultrasound. If present, ultrasound findings generally are the most accurate supporting evidence. The observation is a Simple Observation with a supporting entryRelation of another Observation. The supporting observation may in turn have a entryRelation that gives the original observation as a gestational age or date from which the estimated due date is calculated.
The <templateId> identifies the observation as a type of Estimated Delivery Date Observation. The root attribute SHALL be valued with '1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.1'.
EDD observation SHALL comply with the restrictions of the Simple Observation entry. The observation SHALL NOT include repeatNumber, interpretationCode, methodCode, or targetSiteCode as listed below.
The <code> element indicates that this is a "clinically estimated" estimated delivery date (for example, this code is used to represent the field on the last line of the EDD section of the ACOG form). This code SHALL be the LOINC code 11778-8. It is good style to include the displayName and codeSystemName to help debugging.
<value xsi:type='TS' value=' '>
The value of the EDD SHALL be represented as a point in time.
There may be multiple clinicians following the patient and authoring the overall document, however the EDD observation has an individual author. For CDA based content, this author SHALL be listed in the CDA header and referenced from the entry by including the id element of the assignedAuthor. For HL7 Version 3 Messages based content, the author SHALL be included in full through this element.
<author typeCode='AUT'></author>
The author.time is used to record the time that the author recorded the observation. It SHALL be included.
<entryRelationship typeCode='SPRT'>
The <entryRelationship> element binds the clinicians estimated EDD to supporting observations by different methods. Supporting observations SHOULD be included. If included, the typeCode SHALL be 'SPRT'. For HL7 Version 3 Messages based content, the element name is <sourceOf> rather than <entryRelationship>, however the semantics, typeCode, and nested elements remain unchanged.
Observations that support the clinical observation SHALL be included if known. These observations are the supporting calculated dates from various methods such as ultrasound dates or dates calculated from LMP (i.e., the left column of fields on the ACOG form). Supporting observations SHALL also conform to the simple observation template. Supporting observations MAY include a different effectiveTime, author, or informant. Supporting observations SHALL NOT include repeatNumber, interpretationCode, methodCode, or targetSiteCode. (Method is implied by the LOINC code). The templateId SHALL be valued as ‘1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.4.13’
DELIVERY DATE-TMSTP-PT-^PATIENT-QN-ESTIMATED FROM DATE OF QUICKENING
(xx-EDD-by-Fund)
DELIVERY DATE-TMSTP-PT-^PATIENT-QN-ESTIMATED FROM DATE FUNDAL HEIGHT REACHES UMBILICUS
<entryRelationship typeCode='DRIV'>
Observations of supporting EDD should provide observations from which they were derived such as the patients last menses, or gestational age value at a point in time.
For HL7 Version 3 Messages based content, the element name is <sourceOf> rather than <entryRelationship>, however the semantics, typeCode, and nested elements remain unchanged.
===== <observation> <templateId root=' '/>
: </observation> [2st nesting]
Observations that support the calculation of supporting observation SHALL be included if known. These observations are the supporting dates or ages from various methods such as ultrasound gestational age or the date of last Menses (for example, the right column of fields on the ACOG form). Supporting observations SHALL also conform to the simple observation template. Supporting observations MAY include a different effectiveTime, author, or informant. Supporting observations SHALL NOT include repeatNumber, interpretationCode, methodCode, or targetSiteCode. (Method is implied by the LOINC code)
This code is used to represent the either the relevant date, or the gestational age observation from which the EDD is derived. The following table lists the relevant LOINC codes for methods used. For observations that record the gestational age the value is recorded as a physical quantity (PQ) with the units of weeks and the activity time should be recorded to indicate the date at which the gestational age was observed. For observations that simply record a date (eg LMP) the observation value is recorded as a point in time (TS).
Code
Description
Type
8655-2
DATE LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD-TMSTP-PT-^PATIENT-QN-REPORTED
TS
(xx-ga-by-PE)
GESTATIONAL AGE-TIME-PT-^FETUS-QN-ESTIMATED FROM CLINICIANS PHYSICAL EXAM
The <repeatNumber> <interpretationCode>, and <targetSiteCode> elements should not be present in a EDD observation.
Schematron
-->>TODO:<<--
must include templateID and simple obs templateID
must include loinc 11778-8
must include author.assignedAuthor with Id valued
must include author.time
must have value xsi:type=ts
must include text.reference.value
may include effectiveTime
warn should include sprt relation to simple obs
assert must not include entryRelationship other than SPRT.
must not include repeatNumber, interpretationCode, methodCode, or targetSiteCode
if sprt relation included then
must include obs.id
must include includes obs.code=(one of loincs)
may include obs.author
may include obs.effectiveTime
Development Only
The PCC Wiki Content is used only for development of IHE PCC Content. The Normative content of the PCC Technical Framework and the current supplements can be found at http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/index.cfm#PCC
The <templateId> element specifies that this organizer entry conforms to the APS profile Visit Summary Flowsheet battery. The root attribute SHALL contain the value "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.11.2.3.2"
<organizer classCode='BATTERY' moodCode='EVN'>
Each row in the visit Summary flowsheet of the Antepartum Summary SHALL be represented by an organizer with the classCode of 'BATTERY' and the moodCode of 'EVN'
<id root=' ' extension=' '/>
Each battery SHALL have a globally unique identifier.
The <code> element specifies the loinc code that represents the content of the battery. The codeSystem attribute SHALL contain the value '2.16.840.1.113883.6.1'. The code attribute SHALL contain the value='(xx-acog-battery)'. It is good practice to include displayName and codeSystemName for clarity and debugging. The corresponding values are 'ACOG VISIT SUMMARY BATTERY--PT--' and 'LOINC' respectively.
The <author> relation element points at the author that records the visit battery. This assignedAuthor may be different than the author of the document. The time element is used to record when the assigned author recorded the battery.
<statusCode code='completed'/>
The status code for all batteries SHALL be 'completed'
<component>
The battery is made of several component simple observations. The following table lists the allowable LOINC codes, displayNames, and observation types, and unit of measures for these observations.
0 (no pain) : 10 (worst possible pain) Note: This observation should correspond to the functional status pain score observation
(xx-time-to-next-appt) or ?39165
TIME TO NEXT VISIT- or ?Date next screen visit-TmStp-PT-^PATIENT-QN-CPHS
PQ
day,week,mo
48767-8
ANNOTATION COMMENT-FIND-PT-^PATIENT-NAR-
ED
Schematron
-->>TODO:<<--
Development Only
The PCC Wiki Content is used only for development of IHE PCC Content. The Normative content of the PCC Technical Framework and the current supplements can be found at http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/index.cfm#PCC
The simple observation entry is meant to be an abstract representation of many of the observations used in this specification. It can be made concrete by the specification of a few additional constraints, namely the vocabulary used for codes, and the value representation. A simple observation may also inherit constraints from other specifications (e.g., ASTM/HL7 Continuity of Care Document).
The <templateId> element identifies this <observation> as a simple observation, allowing for validation of the content. The templateId must appear as shown above.
Observations shall have a code describing what was measured. The code system used is determined by the vocabulary constraints on the types of measurements that might be recorded in a section. Content modules that are derived from the Simple Observation content module may restrict the code system and code values used for the observation.
Each observation measurement entry may contain a <text> element providing the free text that provides the same information as the observation within the narrative portion of the document with a <text> element. For CDA based uses of Simple Observations, this element SHALL be present, and SHALL contain a <reference> element that points to the related string in the narrative portion of the document. For HL7 Version 3 based uses, the <text> element MAY be included.
<statusCode code='completed'/>
The status code of all observations shall be completed.
<effectiveTime value=' '/>
The <effectiveTime> element shall be present in standalone observations , and shall record the date and time when the measurement was taken. This element should be precise to the day. If the date and time is unknown, this element should record that using the nullFlavor attribute.
<value xsi:type=' ' …/>
The value of the observation shall be recording using a data type appropriate to the observation. Content modules derived from the Simple Observation content module may restrict the allowable data types used for the observation.
If there is an interpretation that can be performed using an observation result (e.g., high, borderline, normal, low), these may be recorded within the interpretationCode element.
The methodCode element may be used to record the specific method used to make an observation when this information is not already pre-coordinated with the observation code .
The targetSiteCode may be used to record the target site where an observation is made when this information is not already pre-coordinated with the observation code.
In CDA uses, SimpleObservations are assumed to be authored by the same author as the document through context conduction. However specific authorship of observation may be represented by listing the author in the header and referencing the author in a <author> relationship. If authors are explicitly listed in documents, an <id> element SHOULD reference the ID of the author in the header through an assignedAuthor Role. If the author of the observation is not an author of the document the <person> object including a name and ID SHALL be included.
For HL7 Version 3 purposes, the <author> element SHOULD be present unless it can be determined by conduction from organizers or higher level structures. When used for HL7 Version 3 the role element name is <assignedEntity> and the author is represented a <assignedPerson> element.