PCC TF-1/CND

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Volume 1

HIMSS and RSNA
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise

IHEBandW.png

IHE Patient Care Coordination

Coded Nursing Documentation (CND)
Technical Framework Supplement
Volume I

Revision 3.0
2008-2009

Public Comment



Coded Nursing Documentation


Appendix A - Actor Descriptions

Actors are information systems or components of information systems that produce, manage, or act on information associated with operational activities in the enterprise.

Content Creator
The Content Creator Actor is responsible for the creation of content and transmission to a Content Consumer.
Content Consumer
A Content Consumer Actor is responsible for viewing, import, or other processing of content created by a Content Creator Actor.
Clinical Data Consumer
A clinical data consumer makes use of clinical patient data.
Clinical Data Source
A Clinical Data Sources maintains patient information about vital signs, problem and allergies, results from diagnostic tests (e.g., Lab, Imaging, or other test results), medications, immunizations or historical or planned visits and procedures.

Appendix B - Transaction Descriptions

Transactions are interactions between actors that transfer the required information through standards-based messages. The PCC Technical Framework does not define any specific transactions, as these are assumed to be carried out through the use of transactions defined in other IHE Profiles.

Query Existing Data
Request information about recent patient information, used to obtain vital signs measurements, problems and allergies, diagnostic results, medications, immunizations, or procedures or visits relevant for a patient. The query may request information about some or all of the above topics, or may request information on a specific topic, or one entered for a specific encounter or date range.


Appendix C - How to Prepare an IHE Integration Statement

IHE Integration Statements are documents prepared and published by vendors to describe the conformance of their products with the IHE Technical Framework. They identify the specific IHE capabilities a given product supports in terms of IHE actors and integration profiles described in the technical frameworks of each domain.

Users familiar with these concepts can use Integration Statements to determine what level of integration a vendor asserts a product supports with complementary systems and what clinical and operational benefits such integration might provide. Integration Statements are intended to be used in conjunction with statements of conformance to specific standards (e.g., HL7, IETF, DICOM, W3C, etc.).

IHE provides a process for vendors to test their implementations of IHE actors and integration profiles. The IHE testing process, culminating in a multi-party interactive testing event called the Connectathon, provides vendors with valuable feedback and provides a baseline indication of the conformance of their implementations. The process is not intended to independently evaluate, or ensure, product compliance. In publishing the results of the Connectathon and facilitating access to vendors' IHE Integration Statements, IHE and its sponsoring organizations are in no way attesting to the accuracy or validity of any vendor's IHE Integration Statements or any other claims by vendors regarding their products.

IMPORTANT -- PLEASE NOTE: Vendors have sole responsibility for the accuracy and validity of their IHE Integration Statements. Vendors' Integration Statements are made available through IHE simply for consideration by parties seeking information about the integration capabilities of particular products. IHE and its sponsoring organizations have not evaluated or approved any IHE Integration Statement or any related product, and IHE and its sponsoring organizations shall have no liability or responsibility to any party for any claims or damages, whether direct, indirect, incidental or consequential, including but not limited to business interruption and loss of revenue, arising from any use of, or reliance upon, any IHE Integration Statement.


Structure and Content of an IHE Integration Statement

An IHE Integration Statement for a product shall include:

  1. The Vendor Name
  2. The Product Name (as used in the commercial context) to which the IHE Integration Statement applies.
  3. The Product Version to which the IHE Integration Statement applies.
  4. A publication date and optionally a revision designation for the IHE Integration Statement.
  5. The following statement: "This product implements all transactions required in the IHE Technical Framework to support the IHE Integration Profiles, Actors and Options listed below:"
  6. A list of IHE Integration Profiles supported by the product and, for each Integration Profile, a list of IHE Actors supported. For each integration profile/actor combination, one or more of the options defined in the IHE Technical Framework may also be stated. Profiles, Actors and Options shall use the names defined by the IHE Technical Framework Volume I. (Note: The vendor may also elect to indicate the version number of the Technical Framework referenced for each Integration Profile.)

Note that implementation of the integration profile implies implementation of all required transactions for an actor as well as selected options.

The statement shall also include references and/or internet links to the following information:

  1. Specific internet address (or universal resource locator [URL]) where the vendor's Integration Statements are posted
  2. URL where the vendor's standards conformance statements (e.g., HL7, DICOM, etc.) relevant to the IHE transactions implemented by the product are posted.
  3. URL of the IHE Initiative's web page for general IHE information www.himss.org/ihe.

An IHE Integration Statement is not intended to promote or advertise aspects of a product not directly related to its implementation of IHE capabilities.

Format of an IHE Integration Statement

Each Integration Statement shall follow the format shown below. Vendors may add a cover page and any necessary additional information in accordance with their product documentation policies.

IHE Integration Statement Date 12 Oct 2005
Vendor Product Name Version
Any Medical Systems Co. IntegrateRecord V2.3
This product implements all transactions required in the IHE Technical Framework to support the IHE Integration Profiles, Actors and Options listed below:
Integration Profiles Implemented Actors Implemented Options Implemented
Cross-Enterprise Sharing of Medical Summaries Document Consumer View Option
Audit Trail and Node Authentication Secure Node none
Patient Identity Cross-referencing Patient Identifier Cross-reference Consumer PIX Update Notification
Internet address for vendor's IHE information:www.anymedicalsystemsco.com/ihe
Links to Standards Conformance Statements for the Implementation
HL7 www.anymedicalsystemsco.com/hl7
Links to general information on IHE
In North America: www.ihe.het In Europe: www.ihe-europe.org In Japan: www.jira-net.or.jp/ihe-j

IHE Integration Statement template

An IHE Integration Statement template (MS Word version) is available here.

The IHE Product Registry

The assumption of an integration statement is that all actors listed are functionally grouped and conform to any profile specifications for such groupings. In case of exceptions the vendor must explicitly describe the functional groupings.

IHE has developed a new Web-based database of Integration Statements. The IHE Product Registry enables developers to create, manage and publish Integration Statements for their commercial and open source healthcare IT systems. It allows users to browse for these systems based on their conformance with specific IHE Actors and Profiles. The system is open for use by developers and users now!

Appendix D - Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk

See File:Braden.pdf

Glossary

The following terms are used in various places within this technical framework, and are defined below. The complete IHE Glossary is available on the IHE Wiki at http://wiki.ihe.net/index.php/IHE_Glossary .

Actor
An entity within a use case diagram that can perform an action within a use case diagram. Possible actions are creation or consumption of a message
Acuity Assessment

Also known as triage category, this is the acuity of the patient assigned during the process of ED triage. A number of evidenced based triage scales exist, including the Emergency Severity Index (ESI), Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS), the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS), and the Manchester Triage System. In many emergency departments, patients may simply be classified as emergent, urgent or non-urgent.

ADT
Admit, Discharge & Transfer.
Affinity Domain Policy
Affinity Domain Policy that clearly defines the appropriate uses of the XDS Affinity Domain. Within this policy is a defined set of acceptable use Privacy Consent Policies that are published and understood.
ASTM
Formerly the American Society of Testing and Materials, now ASTM International. An SDO that develops a number of standards across a wide variety of industries, including healthcare.
ATNA
Audit Trail and Node Authentication. An IHE ITI profile.
Care Context
The participations surrounding the care provision act, and the attributes of that act. Everything in the document header. Data history, links to clinical reasoning.
Continuity of Care Document(CCD)
An HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) implementation alternative to ASTM ADJE2369 for institutions or organizations committed to HL7 standards. This specification was developed as a collaborative effort between ASTM and HL7. More information is available from http://www.hl7.org.
Continuity of Care Record (CCR)
A core data set of the most relevant administrative, demographic, and clinical information facts about a patient’s healthcare, covering one or more encounters. The CCR is Designation E2369-05 of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials, International). More information is available from http://www.astm.org.
Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)
An HL7 standard for the exchange for clinical documents. It specifies the structure and semantics of clinical documents. More information is available from http://www.hl7.org.
Content Binding
A content binding describes how the payload used in an IHE transaction is related to and/or constrained by the data elements contained within the content sent or received in those transactions.
CRS
Care Record Summary. An implementation guide that constrains CDA Release 2 for Care Record Summary documents.
CT
Consistent Time Integration Profile.
DICOM
Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
DSG
Digital Signatures. An IHE ITI Profile.
EDIS
An Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) is an extended EHR system used to manage data in support of Emergency Department patient care and operations. The functions of an EDIS may be provided by a single application or multiple applications.
eMPI
Enterprise Master Patient Index.
EMR
Electronic Medical Record, an Electronic Health Record system used within an enterprise to deliver care (also called EHR-CR by IHE-XDS).
Estimated Time of Arrival
the time the patient being referred can be expected to arrive in the emergency department.
EUA
Enterprise User Authentication Integration Profile.
Expected Actions
Actions which should occur as the result of a trigger event.
HIMSS
Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.
HL7
Health Level Seven
HIS
Hospital Information System.
IHE
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise.
Interaction Diagram
A diagram that depicts data flow and sequencing of events.
IT
Information Technology.
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®)
A vocabulary developed by the Regenstrief Institute aimed at standardizing laboratory and clinical codes for use in clinical care, outcomes management, and research. Additional information found at http://www.regenstrief.org/medinformatics/loinc/.
Mode of Arrival
The method of transportation used to transport the patient to the Emergency Department.
MPI
Master Patient Index.
MRN
Medical Record Number.
NAV
Notification of Document Availability
OID
Object Identifier. (See also 'Globally Unique Identifier').
Patient Identifier Cross-reference Domain
Consists of a set of Patient Identifier Domains known and managed by a Patient Identifier Cross-reference Manager Actor. The Patient Identifier Cross-reference Manager Actor is responsible for providing lists of "alias" identifiers from different Patient Identifier Domains.
Patient Identifier Domain
A single system or a set of interconnected systems that all share a common identification scheme for patients. Such a scheme includes: (1) a single identifier-issuing authority, (2) an assignment process of an identifier to a patient, (3) a permanent record of issued patient identifiers with associated traits, and (4) a maintenance process over time. The goal of Patient Identification is to reduce errors.
PDF
Portable Document Format.
PIX
Patient Identifier Cross Referencing. An IHE ITI Profile.
PDQ
Patient Demographics Query. An IHE ITI Profile.
PHR
Personal Health Record
Procedure
In the context of a "Pre-procedure History and Physical," the "procedure" is a surgery or an invasive examination of a patient that is required by quality review organizations to be preceded by a pre-procedure assessment of procedure risk and anesthesia risk. This assessment is typically referred to as a "Pre-operative" or "Pre-procedure History and Physical."
Process Flow Diagram
A graphical illustration of the flow of processes and interactions among the actors involved in a particular example.
Proposed disposition
the intended disposition (i.e. admission to ICU, discharge to home, transfer to psychiatric hospital), if known, that the referring provider expects the patient will end up after the emergency department intervention.
Referral Source
An individual, group, or agency that determined the patient should seek care at the ED. Referral source may be used to determine appropriate discharge referrals and services, or to provide surveillance data for program and service planning, or to examine referral patterns.
Role
The actions of an actor in a use case.
RSNA
Radiological Society of North America.
sig.
A Latin abbreviation for signetur used to represent the instruction following the medication name.
Scope
A brief description of the transaction.

SNOMED-CT® A comprehensive clinical terminology, originally created by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and, as of April 2007, owned, maintained, and distributed by the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO), a non-for-profit association in Denmark. The CAP continues to support SNOMED CT operations under contract to the IHTSDO and provides SNOMED-related products and services as a licensee of the terminology. More information available from http://www.ihtsdo.org/ or the United States National Library of Medicine at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/Snomed/snomed_main.html

Transport Mode
the method the patient employs, or is provided to get to the emergency department.
Trigger Event
An event such as the reception of a message or completion of a process, which causes another action to occur.
UID
Unique Identifier (See also Globally Unique Identifier).
Universal ID
Unique identifier over time within the UID type. Each UID must belong to one of specifically enumerated species. Universal ID must follow syntactic rules of its scheme.
Use Case
A graphical depiction of the actors and operation of a system.
XUA
Cross Enterprise User Authentication
XDS
Cross Enterprise Document Sharing

Volume 2

HIMSS and RSNA
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise

IHEBandW.png

IHE Patient Care Coordination

Coded Nursing Documentation (CND)
Technical Framework Supplement
Volume II

Revision 3.0
2008-2009

Public Comment



Namespaces and Vocabularies

This section lists the namespaces and identifiers defined or referenced by the IHE PCC Technical Framework, and the vocabularies defined or referenced herein.

The following vocabularies are referenced in this document. An extensive list of registered vocabularies can be found at http://www.hl7.org/oid/.

Vocabularies Used
codeSystem codeSystemName Description
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1 IHE PCC Template Identifiers This is the root OID for all IHE PCC Templates. A list of PCC templates can be found below in CDA Release 2.0 Content Modules.
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.2 IHEActCode See IHEActCode Vocabulary below
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.3 IHE PCC RoleCode See IHERoleCode Vocabulary below
1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.4   Namespace OID used for IHE Extensions to CDA Release 2.0
2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.1 CCD Root OID Root OID used for by ASTM/HL7 Continuity of Care Document
2.16.840.1.113883.5.112 RouteOfAdministration See the HL7 RouteOfAdministration Vocabulary
2.16.840.1.113883.5.1063 SeverityObservation See the HL7 SeverityObservation Vocabulary
2.16.840.1.113883.5.7 ActPriority See the HL7 ActPriority Vocabulary
2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 LOINC Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes
2.16.840.1.113883.6.96 SNOMED-CT SNOMED Controlled Terminology
2.16.840.1.113883.6.103 ICD-9CM (diagnosis codes) International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modifiers, Version 9
2.16.840.1.113883.6.104 ICD-9CM (procedure codes) International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modifiers, Version 9
2.16.840.1.113883.6.26 MEDCIN A classification system from MEDICOMP Systems.
2.16.840.1.113883.6.88 RxNorm RxNorm
2.16.840.1.113883.6.63 FDDC First DataBank Drug Codes
2.16.840.1.113883.6.12 C4 Current Procedure Terminology 4 (CPT-4) codes.
2.16.840.1.113883.6.257 Minimum Data Set for Long Term Care The root OID for Minimum Data Set Answer Lists
1.2.840.10008.2.16.4 DCM DICOM Controlled Terminology; PS 3.16 Content Mapping Resource, Annex D
2.16.840.1.113883.6.24 MDC ISO/IEEE 11073 Medical Device Nomenclature
2.16.840.1.113883.3.26.1.5 NDF-RT National Drug File Reference Terminology (NCI version)
2.16.840.1.113883.11.19465 nuccProviderCodes National Uniform Codes Council Healthcare Provider Terminology
2.16.840.1.113883.6.255.1336 X12DE1336 Insurance Type Code (ASC X12 Data Element 1336)
2.16.840.1.113883.6.256 RadLex RadLex (Radiological Society of North America)

The IHE FormatCode vocabulary is now managed in an Implementation Guide published using FHIR.

This FormatCode vocabulary represents:

  • Code System 1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.2.3
  • Value Set 1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.2.7.1

IHEActCode Vocabulary

CCD   ASTM/HL7 Continuity of Care Document
CCR   ASTM CCR Implementation Guide

The IHEActCode vocabulary is a small vocabulary of clinical acts that are not presently supported by the HL7 ActCode vocabulary. The root namespace (OID) for this vocabulary is 1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.2. These vocabulary terms are based on the vocabulary and concepts used in the CCR and CCD standards listed above.

Code Description
COMMENT This is the act of commenting on another act.
PINSTRUCT This is the act of providing instructions to a patient regarding the use of medication.
FINSTRUCT This is the act of providing instructions to the supplier regarding the fulfillment of the medication order.
IMMUNIZ The act of immunization of a patient using a particular substance or class of substances identified using a specified vocabulary. Use of this vocabulary term requires the use of either the SUBSTANCE or SUBSTCLASS qualifier described below, along with an identified substance or class of substances.
DRUG The act of treating a patient with a particular substance or class of substances identified using a specified vocabulary. Use of this vocabulary term requires the use of either the SUBSTANCE or SUBSTCLASS qualifier described below, along with an identified substance or class of substances.
INTOL An observation that a patient is somehow intollerant of (e.g., allergic to) a particular substance or class of substances using a specified vocabulary. Use of this vocabulary term requires the use of either the SUBSTANCE or SUBSTCLASS qualifier described below, along with an identified substance or class of substances.
SUBSTANCE A qualifier that identifies the substance used to treat a patient in an immunization or drug treatment act. The substance is expected to be identified using a vocabulary such as RxNORM, SNOMED CT or other similar vocabulary and should be specific enough to identify the ingredients of the substance used.
SUBSTCLASS A qualifier that identifies the class of substance used to treat a patient in an immunization or drug treatment act. The class of substances is expected to be identified using a vocabulary such as NDF-RT, SNOMED CT or other similar vocabulary, and should be broad enough to classify substances by mechanism of action (e.g., Beta Blocker), intended effect (Dieuretic, antibiotic) or ...


For Public Comment What else needs to appear above for SUBSTCLASS?


IHERoleCode Vocabulary

The IHERoleCode vocabulary is a small vocabulary of role codes that are not presently supported by the HL7 Role Code vocabulary. The root namespace (OID) for this vocabulary is 1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.3.

IHERoleCode Vocabulary
Code Description
EMPLOYER The employer of a person.
SCHOOL The school in which a person is enrolled.
AFFILIATED An organization with which a person is affiliated (e.g., a volunteer organization).
PHARMACY The pharmacy a person uses.

PCC Content Modules

This chapter contains the various content modules and value sets that are used with IHE Patient Care Coordintation profiles and transactions.

Conventions

Various tables used in this section will further constrain the content. Within this volume, the follow conventions are used.

R
A "Required" data element is one that shall always be provided. If there is information available, the data element must be present. If there is no information available, or it cannot be transmitted, the data element must contain a value indicating the reason for omission of the data. (See PCC TF-2: 5.3.4.2 for a list of appropriate statements).
R2
A "Required if data present" data element is one that shall be provided when a value exists. If the information cannot be transmitted, the data element shall contain a value indicating the reason for omission of the data. If no such information is available to the creator or if such information is not available in a well identified manner (e.g. buried in a free form narrative that contains additional information relevant to other sections) or if the creator requires that information be absent, the R2 section shall be entirely absent. (See section PCC TF-2: 5.3.4.2 for a list of appropriate statements).
O
An optional data element is one that may be provided, irrespective of whether the information is available or not. If the implementation elects to support this optional section, then its support shall meet the requirement set forth for the "Required if data present" or R2.
C
A conditional data element is one that is required, required if known or optional depending upon other conditions. These will have further notes explaining when the data element is required, et cetera.


Note: The definitions of R, R2, and O differ slightly from other IHE profiles. This is due in part to the fact that local regulations and policies may in fact prohibit the transmission of certain information, and that a human decision to transmit the information may be required in many cases.


Folder Content Modules

This section contains modules that describe the content requirements of Folders used with XDS, XDM or XDR. When workflows are completed normally, the folders will contain documents with the optionality specified in the tables shown below. Under certain circumstances, the folders will not meet the optionality requirements described below, for example, when the patient leaves before treatment is completed.



HL7 Version 3.0 Content Modules

This section contains content modules based upon the HL7 CDA Release 2.0 Standard, and related standards and/or implementation guides.

CDA Document Content Modules

  • (1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.20.1.1)Care Plan

CDA Header Content Modules

CDA Section Content Modules

This list defines the sections that may appear in a medical document. It is intended to be a comprehensive list of all document sections that are used by any content profile defined in the Patient Care Coordination Technical Framework. All sections shall have a narrative component that may be freely formatted into normal text, lists, tables, or other appropriate human-readable presentations. Additional subsections or entry content modules may be required.





Impressions


CDA and HL7 Version 3 Entry Content Modules

HL7 Version 2 Content Modules

This section contains content modules based upon the HL7 Version 2 Standard, and related standards and/or implementation guides.


PCC Value Sets

This section contains value sets used by Content Modules.


Appendix A - Examples Using PCC Content Profiles

Example documents conforming to each profile can be found on the IHE wiki at the following URLs.

Profile and Content URL
XDS-MS  
 Referral Summary XDSMS Example1
 Discharge Summary XDSMS Example1
XPHR  
 XPHR Content XPHR Example1
 XPHR Update XPHR Example2
(EDR) ED Referral EDR Example
(APS) Antepartum Summary APS Example
(EDES)  
 Triage Note EDES Example1
 ED Nursing Note EDES Example2
 Composite Triage and Nursing Note EDES Example3
 ED Physician Note EDES Example4
(FSA) Functional Status Section FSA Example

Appendix B - Validating CDA Documents using the Framework

Many of the constraints specified by the content modules defined in the PCC Technical Framework can be validated automatically by software. Automated validation is a very desirable capability, as it makes it easier for implementers to test the correctness of their implementations. With regard to validation of the content module, the PCC Technical Framework narrative is the authoritative specification, not any automated software tool. Having said that, it is still very easy to create a validation framework for the IHE PCC Technical Framework using a XML validation tool such as Schematron. Since each content module has a name (the template identifier), any XML instance that reports itself to be of that "class" can be validated by creating assertions that must be true for each constraint indicated for the content module. In the XML representation, the <templateId> element is a child of the element that is claiming conformance to the template named. Thus the general pattern of a Schematron that validates a specific template is shown below: 

<schema xmlns="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron" xmlns:cda="urn:hl7-org:v3">
  <ns prefix="cda" uri="urn:hl7-org:v3" />
  <pattern name='ReferralSummary'>
    <rule context='*[cda:templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.3]"'>
      <!-- one or more assertions made by the content module -->
    </rule>
  </pattern>
</schema>

Validating Documents

For document content modules, the pattern can be extended to support common document content module constraints as shown below: 

<schema xmlns="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron" xmlns:cda="urn:hl7-org:v3">
  <ns prefix="cda" uri="urn:hl7-org:v3" />
  <pattern name='ReferralSummary'>
    <rule context='*[templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.3]"'>
      <!-- Verify that the template id is used on the appropriate type of object -->
      <assert test='../ClinicalDocument'>
        Error: The referral content module can only be used on Clinical Documents.
      </assert>
      <!-- Verify that the parent templateId is also present. -->
      <assert test='templateId[@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.1.2"]'>
        Error: The parent template identifier for medical summary is not present.
      </assert>
      <!-- Verify the document type code -->
      <assert test='code[@code = "34133-9"]'>
        Error: The document type code of a referral summary must be
        34133-9 SUMMARIZATION OF EPISODE NOTE.
      </assert>
      <assert test='code[@codeSystem = "2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"]'>
        Error: The document type code must come from the LOINC code 
        system (2.16.840.1.113883.6.1).
      </assert>
      <!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
      <assert test='.//templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.1"]'>
        Error: A referral summary must contain a reason for referral.
      </assert>
      <!-- Alert on any missing required if known elements -->
      <assert test='.//templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.8"]'>
        Warning: A referral summary should contain a list of history of past illnesses.
      </assert>
      <!-- Note any missing optional elements -->
      <assert test='.//templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.18"]'>
        Note: This referral summary does not contain the pertinent review of systems.
      </assert>
    </rule>
  </pattern>
</schema>

Validating Sections

The same pattern can be also applied to sections with just a few minor alterations. 

<schema xmlns="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron" xmlns:cda="urn:hl7-org:v3">
  <ns prefix="cda" uri="urn:hl7-org:v3" />
  <pattern name='ReasonForReferralUncoded'>
    <rule context='*[templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.1"]'>
      <!-- Verify that the template id is used on the appropriate type of object -->
      <assert test='section'>
        Error: The coded reason for referral module can only be used on a section.
      </assert>
      <assert test='false'>
        Manual: Manually verify that this section contains narrative providing the
        reason for referral.
      </assert>
      <!-- Verify that the parent templateId is also present. -->
      <assert test='templateId[@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.1"]'>
        Error: The parent template identifier for the reason for referral 
        module is not present.
      </assert>
      <!-- Verify the section type code -->
      <assert test='code[@code = "42349-1"]'>
        Error: The section type code of the reason for referral section must be 42349-1
        REASON FOR REFERRAL.
      </assert>
      <assert test='code[@codeSystem = "2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"]'>
        Error: The section type code must come from the LOINC code 
        system (2.16.840.1.113883.6.1).
      </assert>
  </pattern>
  <pattern name='ReasonForReferralCoded'>
    <rule context='*[templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.2"]'>
      <!-- The parent template will have already verified the type of object -->
      <!-- Verify that the parent templateId is also present. -->
      <assert test='templateId[@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.1"]'>
        Error: The parent template identifier for the reason for referral 
        module is not present.
      </assert>
      <!-- Don't bother with the section type code, as the parent template caught it -->
      <!-- Verify that all required data elements are present -->
      <assert test='.//templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.4.13"]'>
        Error: A coded reason for referral section must contain an simple observation.
      </assert>
      <!-- Alert on any missing required if known elements -->
      <!-- Note any missing optional elements -->
    </rule>
  </pattern>
</schema>

A similar pattern can also be followed for Entry and Header content modules, and these are left as an exercise for the reader.

Phases of Validation and Types of Errors

Note that each message in the Schematrons shown above start with a simple text string that indicates whether the message indicates one of the following conditions:

  • An error, e.g., the failure to transmit a required element,
  • A warning, e.g., the failure to transmit a required if known element,
  • A note, e.g., the failure to transmit an optional element.
  • A manual test, e.g., a reminder to manually verify some piece of content.

Schematron supports the capability to group sets of rules into phases by the pattern name, and to specify which phases of validation should be run during processing. To take advantage of this capability, one simply breaks each <pattern> element above up into separate patterns depending upon whether the assertion indicates an error, warning, note or manual test, and then associate each pattern with a different phase. This is shown in the figure below. 

<schema xmlns="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron" xmlns:cda="urn:hl7-org:v3">
  <ns prefix="cda" uri="urn:hl7-org:v3" />
  <phase id="errors">
    <active pattern="ReasonForReferralUncoded_Errors"/>
    <active pattern="ReasonForReferralCoded_Errors"/>
  </phase>
  <phase id="manual">
    <active pattern="ReasonForReferralUncoded_Manual"/>
  </phase>
  <pattern name='ReasonForReferralUncoded_Errors'>
    <rule context='*[templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.1"]'>
      <assert test='section'>
        Error: The coded reason for referral module can only be used on a section.
      </assert>
      <assert test='code[@code = "42349-1"]'>
        Error: The section type code of the reason for referral section must be 42349-1
        REASON FOR REFERRAL.
      </assert>
      <assert test='code[@codeSystem = "2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"]'>
        Error: The section type code must come from the LOINC code 
        system (2.16.840.1.113883.6.1).
      </assert>
    </rule>
  </pattern>
  <pattern name='ReasonForReferralUncoded_Manual'>
    <rule context='*[templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.1"]'>
      <assert test='false'>
        Manual: Manually verify that this section contains narrative providing the
        reason for referral.
      </assert>
  </pattern>
  <pattern name='ReasonForReferralCoded_Errors'>
    <rule context='*[templateId/@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.2"]'>
      <assert test='templateId[@root="1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.3.1"]'>
        Error: The parent template identifier for the reason for referral not present.
      </assert>
      <assert test='.//templateId[@root = "1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.5.3.1.4.13"]'>
        Error: A coded reason for referral section must contain an simple observation.
      </assert>
    </rule>
  </pattern>
</schema>

Using these simple "templates" for template validation one can simply create a collection of Schematron patterns that can be used to validate the content modules in the PCC Technical Framework. Such Schematrons are expected to be made available as part of the MESA test tools that are provided to IHE Connectathon participants, and which will also be made available to the general public after connectathon.

Appendix C - Extensions to CDA Release 2.0

This section describes extensions to CDA Release 2.0 that are used by the IHE Patient Care Coordination Technical Framework.

IHE PCC Extensions

All Extensions to CDA Release 2.0 created by the IHE PCC Technical Committee are in the namespace urn:ihe:pcc:hl7v3.

The approach used to create extension elements created for the PCC Technical Framework is the same as was used for the HL7 Care Record Summary (see Appendix E) and the ASTM/HL7 Continuity of Care Document (see secion 7.2).

replacementOf

The <replacementOf> extension element is applied to a section appearing in a PHR Update Document to indicate that that section's content should replace that of a previously existing section. The identifier of the previously existing section is given so that the PHR Manager receiving the Update content will know which section to replace. The model for this extension is shown below.

Model for replacementOf

Use of this extension is shown below. The <replacementOf> element appears after all other elements within the <section> element. The <id> element appearing in the <externalDocumentSection> element shall provide the identifier of the section being replaced in the parent document.

Example use of the replacementOf extension 
<section>
 <id root=' ' extension=' '/>
 
 <title>Name of the Section</title>
 <text>Text of the section</text>
 <entry></entry>
 <component></component>
 <pcc:replacementOf xmlns:pcc='urn:ihe:pcc:hl7v3'>
   <pcc:externalDocumentSection>
     <pcc:id root='58FCBE50-D4F2-4bda-BC1C-2105B284BBE3'/>
   <pcc:externalDocumentSection/>
 </pcc:replacementOf>
</section>

Extensions Defined Elsewhere used by IHE PCC

Entity Identifiers

There is often a need to record an identifer for an entity so that it can be subsequently referenced. This extension provides a mechnism to store that identifier. The element appears after any <realm>, <typeId> or <templateId> elements, but before all others in the entity where it is used: 

<playingEntity classCode='ENT' determinerCode='INSTANCE'>
 <sdtc:id root='1.3.6.4.1.4.1.2835.2' extension='EntityID'/>
   :
   .
</playingEntity>

Patient Identifier

There is a need to record the identifer by which a patient is known to another healthcare provider. This extension provides a role link between the assigned, related or associated entity, and the patient role.

Use of this extension to record the identifier under which the patient is known to a provider is shown below.

Example use of the Patient Identifier Extension 
<assignedEntity>
 <id extension='1' root='1.3.6.4.1.4.1.2835.1'/>
 
 <addr>
   <streetAddressLine>21 North Ave</streetAddressLine>
   <city>Burlington</city>
   <state>MA</state>
   <postalCode>01803</postalCode>
   <country>USA</country>
 </addr>
 <telecom value='tel:(999)555-1212' use='WP'/>
 <assignedPerson>
   <name>
     <prefix>Dr.</prefix><given>Bernard</given><family>Wiseman</family><suffix>Sr.</suffix>
   </name>
 </assignedPerson>
 <sdtc:patient xmlns:sdtc='urn:hl7-org:sdtc' >
   <sdtc:id root='1.3.6.4.1.4.1.2835.2' extension='PatientMRN'/>
 </sdtc:patient>
</assignedEntity>

The <patient> element records the link between the related, assigned or associated entity and the patient. The <id> element provides the identifier for the patient. The root attribute of the <id> should be the namespace used for patient identifiers by the entity. The extension attribute of the <id> element shall be the patient's medical record number or other identifier used by the entity to identify the patient.

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